Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/438

, ; — and (for ) and  (properly ) are more slightly irregular.

1113. The dative has only very seldom an adverbial use.

a. Examples are for the future (RV.; with changed accent);  long;  for the sake of;  presently.

1114. The ablative is not infrequently used adverbially. Thus:

a. Of pronominal stems: as, why?  casually, unexpectedly;, ,  (V.: normal forms, instead of the pronominal  etc.).

b. Of noun-stems: as, near;  afar;  forcibly;  emulously;  on the part of.

c. Oftenest, of adjective stems: as, afar;  below;  behind;  plainly, actually;  completely;  not long;  (AB.) most obviously;  (S.) to the end.

d. In a few instances, adverbially used ablatives likewise show a changed accent in the early language: thus, from afar;  from near by;  from of old (but instr. );  from the north;  below.

1115. The genitive is almost never used adverbially.

a. In the older language occur by night, and  by day; later,  long.

1116. The locative is sometimes used with adverbial value. Thus:

a. From noun and adjective stems: near;  and  afar;  behind;  at home;  without (prep.);  in front;  suitably;  immediately; - and - (common in composition) for the sake of;  in after time;  first;  in secret.

1117. Even a nominative form appears to be stereotyped into an adverbial value in (Vedic), interrogative particle, and its compounds and , negative particles. And masc. nominatives from -stems (as AB.,  Āpast.) are sometimes found used by substitution for neuters.

1118. Verbal Prefixes and kindred words. The verbal prefixes, described in the preceding chapter (1076 ff.), are properly adverbs, having a special office and mode of use in connection with verbal roots and their more immediate derivatives.

a. Their occasional looser connection with the verb has been noticed above (1084). In the value of general adverbs, however,