Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/434

 d. With the suffix of is to be compared that of  etc. (519). The word is abbreviated to two or three times in ÇB.

e. in  (toneless) like, as, and  (in V. often ), earlier thus, later a particle emphasizing the preceding word; for thus is used later the related, which hardly occurs in RV., and in AV. only with √: as, knowing thus.

f. In later Vedic (AV. etc., and the later parts of RV.) more often counts for only a single syllable,.

1103. a. By the suffix are made adverbs of time, but almost only from pronominal roots.

b. Thus,, , (in RV. also ),  (only in V.); and , beside which is found earlier. Besides these, in the older language, only ; later a few others,, ,. A quasi-locative case use is seen occasionally in such phrases as (R.) on a certain day.

c. By the perhaps related are made, , ,  (toneless). occurs as adjective in TB.

d. With are made, from pronominal roots,, , , ,.

e. The suffix, found only in if, is perhaps related with , in form as in meaning. (MS.) is of doubtful character.

1104. By the suffix are formed adverbs especially from numerals, signifying -fold, times, ways, etc.

a. Thus,, (also  and ),  (in the older language usually ),  (also  and ), , , , and so on. Also, naturally, from words having a quasi-numeral character: thus,, , , , , , , , , ,. In a very few cases, also from general noun and adjective stems: thus, (AV.),  (TS.;, MS.),  (TB.),  and  (BhP.); and from one adverb,.

b. The particle or, a Vedic equivalent of , probably belongs here ( and , with shortened final, occur a few times in RV.); also  in truth; and perhaps  with, which has an equivalent - in several Vedic compounds. And the other adverbs in (1100 a) may be of like origin.

1105. From a few numerals are made multiplicative adverbs with : namely,, , and (probably, for ): 489 a.

a. The corresponding word for once,, is a compound rather than a derivative; and the same character belongs still more evidently to , , , etc., though and  are regarded by the native grammarians as suffixes; the earlier