Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/433

 1099 b) is sometimes used with locative-case value: e. g. (H.) at this conjuncture.

b., which is added to words having already a local or directive value: thus, to adverbial accusatives, , , ; to adverbial ablatives, , , ; and to prepositional adverbs, , , , , ,. Apparently by analogy with these last, the suffix has the form in  (and BhP. has ).

c., in (ÇB.) and  (not quotable).

1101. By the suffix are made adverbs of manner, especially from pronominal roots or stems.

a. Thus,, ; and  (by the side of which stand  and ; and ÇB. has ); and the rare  and. And (V. often ) so then doubtless belongs with them. Further, from a few adjective and noun stems, mostly of quasi-pronominal character: thus,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , (JB.), , (once, AV.); and.

b. becomes usually toneless in V., when used in the sense of  after a noun forming the subject of comparison: thus,  (RV.) like thieves.

1102. One or two other suffixes of manner are:

a., in thus, very commonly used, from the earliest period, especially as particle of quotation, following the words quoted.

b. Examples are: (RV.) if they have said "this is a Brahman's wife";  (AV.) the gods said to him: "Vrātya, why do you stand?" Often, the  is used more pregnantly: thus,  (AV.) whoever has faith that the gods exist;  (H.) the sage looks upon that tiger as being really a mouse;  (H.) why (lit. alleging what reason) do you sit?

c. But is sometimes used in a less specialized way, to mark an onomatopœia, or to indicate a gesture: e. g.  (AV.) let it come out of you with a splash;  (ÇB.) he ploughs first this way, then this way; or it points forward to something to be said: e. g.  (PB.) when now they say thus: "the other metres are greater; why is the  spoken?" It also makes a number of derivatives and compounds: e. g.  the so-many-eth;  in this fashion;  for this purpose;  a story or legend (lit. thus forsooth it was). As to the use of a nominative with as predicate to an accusative, see 268 b.