Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/432

 (494) of the personal pronouns: thus,  (only example in V.),, , ; and from pronominal derivatives: thus, ,.

b. From noun and adjective stems of every class, since the earliest period, but more freely later: e. g., , , , , , , , , , , , , , (once, in RV., from a case-form: ).

c. From a few prepositions: thus,, ,.

d. Examples of ablative construction are: (RV.) more than that;  (AV.) from that sixth;  (ÇB.) with any other than this;  (AGS.) from all fear;  (H.) arriving from some region or other;  (R.) from this city;  (KSS.) from that dead body.

e. But the distinctive ablative meaning is not infrequently effaced, and the adverb has a more general, especially a locative, value: thus, in front;  in our presence;  in accordance with duty;  (H.) with reference to the goat;  (M.) superior in virtue.

1099. With the suffix (in the older language often ) are made adverbs having a locative sense, and occasionally also a locative construction.

a. These adverbs are very few, compared with those in. They are formed chiefly from pronominal stems, and from other stems having a quasi-pronominal character: namely, in, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; in , , , , ,. But a few in come from ordinary nouns: thus,, , , , , ,. Those in are distinguished from the others by their accent.

b. Examples of locative construction are: (RV.) in the right hand;  (RV.) in which;  (MBh.) in a single man;  (H.) in this murderous creature;  (H.) sovereignty befits him. And, as the locative case is used also to express the goal of motion (304), so the adverbs in have sometimes an accusative as well as a locative value: thus,  go there or thither;  (RV.) roads that go to the gods.

1100. One or two other suffixes of locality are:

a., in here,  where? and the Vedic  (also , ) always (compare below, 1104b); and  (like  etc.: