Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/430

 and, is found only. In the Brāhmaṇa language, examples begin to occur more often: thus, in TS.,, , ; in TB., further, , , ; in ÇB., besides some of these, also , , , , , , ; and , of which (as of ) the might be that of an ordinary grammatical form; in K., ; in GB., ; in ṢB., ; in AB.,  (from ). From Upanishad and Sūtra are to be added (MU.),  (KÇS.),  and  (AGS.). The accent is in general like that of the similar combinations treated above (1091): e. g., , , , , ; but sometimes a mere collocation takes place: thus, (TS.),  (TB.),  (TA.). The is variously treated: now as an uncombinable final, as in  and  (TS.); now as liable to the ordinary conversions, as in, , and  (ÇB.).

b. Out of such beginnings has grown in the later language the following rule:

1094. Any noun or adjective stem is liable to be compounded with verbal forms or derivatives of the roots √कृ and भू  (and of अस्  also; but such cases are extremely rare), in the manner of a verbal prefix. If the final of the stem be an - or -vowel, it is changed to ई ; if an -vowel, it is changed to ऊ.

a. Examples are: becomes a post;  becoming of one mind;  thou makest an offering;  torn to pieces with blows of the claws;  become loose;  ring-shaped;  made fragrant;  pawning;  straightening;  taking as cause. As in the case of the denominatives (1059 c), the combinations with -stems are the immense majority, and occur abundantly (hardly less than a thousand are quotable) in the later language, but for the most part only once or twice each; those made with - and -stems are a very small number. In a few instances, stems in and, with those finals changed to , are met with: e. g. , ; , ; final  after a consonant is contracted to : e. g. ; and anomalous cases like  occur. Final is said to become, but no examples are quotable. The combinations with are about twice as frequent as those with, and examples with  do not appear to have been brought to light.

b. Similar combinations are occasionally made with elements of questionable or altogether obscure character: e. g.,.

c. Examples are not altogether wanting in the later language of as