Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/429

 with a derivative in  to make a periphrastic conjugation. Such roots have also been, from the earliest period of the language, but with increasing frequency, used in somewhat analogous combinations with other elements, substantive and adjective as well as adverbial; and this has become, in part, developed finally into a regular and indefinitely extensible method of increasing the resources of verbal expression.

1091. a. The older language has a number of (mostly) reduplicative onomatopoetic compounds with roots and, the prefixed element ending in  or  (generally the former): thus, in RV.,  croaking,  flimmering,  making merry,  tear; in AV.,  I have crushed; in VS.,  (also TS.; MS. ) ; in TS., ; in K., , ; in MS., , ; in AB.,. The accentuation, where shown, is like that of a verb-form with accompanying prefix.

b. Further, combinations with √ of utterances used at the sacrifice, and mostly ending in : thus,, , ; also. In these, too, the accentuation is generally that of a verb with prefix: e. g. (ÇB.; but  [?] TA.),  (MS.); and, with another prefix,  (ÇB.).

c. An instance or two also occur of ordinary words in such combinations, put in corresponding form: thus, (ÇB.) may roast on a spit ;  (AB.) of getting clear of debt;  (AA.) uniting.

1092. a. The noun obeisance, homage, in a still more purely noun-value, becomes combined with √: in the Veda, only with the gerund, in  (beside  and : above, 990 b).

b. A solitary combination with √ go is shown by the accusative home; which, appearing only in ordinary phrases in RV., is in AV. compounded with the participles — in, , (with accent like that of ordinary compounds with a prefix) — and in the Brāhmaṇas and the later language is treated quite like a prefix: thus,  (ÇB.).

c. Other ordinary accusative forms of adjectives in combination with verbal derivatives of and  are found here and there in the older language: thus,  and  (TS.);,  etc. (TS. et al.);  (ÇB.).

1093. In the early but not in the earliest language, a noun-stem thus compounded with or  (and very rarely with ), in verbal nouns and ordinary derivatives, and then also in verbal forms, begins to assume a constant ending  (of doubtful origin).

a. There is no instance of this in RV., unless the of  (above, 1091 a) is to be so explained. In AV., besides the obscure