Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/428

 the periphrastic perfect. The stem, similarly inflected, occurs only in one or two texts (ÇB. JB. JUB.); and has been found nowhere except in MS. Also the imperfect  (TS. TB.: not separated in the -text) and perfect  (ÇB.) are doubtless a corresponding formation from √ with , though nearly akin in form and meaning with forms from √+. So also becomes  in the combination  (ÇB. ÇÇS.), whether viewed as a denominative formation or as √+. And MS. has once (iii. 10. 2; in an etymology).

d. The root make sometimes assumes (or retains from a more original condition) an initial  after the prefixes, , , and : thus, , , , etc.; , , etc.; ;. And √ scatter is said by the grammarians to add in the same manner, under certain circumstances, after  and  (only, , both late, are quotable).

e. The passive participle of the roots give and  cut has often the abbreviated form  after a prefix — of which the final vowel, if, is lengthened (compare 955 f, and the derivative in , below, 1157 c).

f. In a few sporadic cases, the augment is taken before a prefix, instead of between it and the root: thus, (GB.);  (AB.);, , , , ,  (MBh.);  (Har.);  (SDS.); compare also the forms from , above, c. And AB. has once (for, as read in the corresponding passage of ÇÇS.). Some of the apparent roots of the language have been suspected of being results of a similar unification of root and prefix: e. g. from +,  from +,  from +.

g. The loss of the initial of  and  after the prefix  has been noticed above (233 c). Also (137 a, c), certain peculiarities of combination of a prefix with the initial vowel of a root.

1088. As to the more general adverbial uses of the prefixes, and their prepositional uses, see the next chapter.

1089. As to the combination of the particles or  privative,  ill, and  well, with verb-forms, see 1121 b, g, i. As to the addition of the comparative and superlative suffixes  and  to verbs, see above, 473 c.

1090. It has been seen above that some of the prepositional prefixes are employed in combination with only very small classes of roots, namely those whose meaning makes them best fitted for auxiliary and periphrastic uses — such as make,  and  be,  put,  go — and that the first of these are widely used in