Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/427

 a. There is in RV. a considerable number of cases (some thirty) in which the -text gives unnecessarily, and probably wrongly, an independent accent to a prefix before an accented verb (or other prefix): resolving, for example, into,  into ,  into ,  into  (instead of  etc.).

1085. In combination with the non-personal parts of the verb-system — with participles, infinitives, and gerunds — the general rule is that the prefix loses its accent, in favor of the other member of the compound. But the prefix instead has sometimes the accent: namely, when combined —

a. with the passive participle in or : thus,  gone forth;  concealed;  fallen;  complete (cf. 1284).

b. But some exceptions to this rule are met with: e. g., in RV.,, , , , etc.; in AV.,.

c. with the infinitive in (972), in all its cases: thus,  to collect;  to cover up;  of descending. The doubly accented dative in retains its final accent, but throws the other back upon the prefix: thus,  for following;  for carrying off.

1086. The closeness of combination between the root and the prefix is indicated not only by their unity of accent, but also by the euphonic rules (e. g. 185, 192), which allow the mutual adaptations of the two to be made to some extent as if they were parts of a unitary word.

1087. A few special irregularities call for notice:

a. In the later language,, , and , in connection with certain roots and their derivatives, sometimes lose the initial vowel: namely, with  and ,  with ,  with  etc.: e. g. , , , , , , , , ,. In the Veda, on the other hand, is in a few cases found instead (apparently) of  with √.

b. The final vowel of a prefix, especially an, is (oftenest in the older language) sometimes lengthened, especially in derivative words: e. g. , , , , , , ; ; , ,. In the Veda, the initial of is sometimes lengthened after negative : e. g.,.

c. In combination with √ go, the prefixes, , and sometimes change their  to. In this way is formed a kind of derivative stem flee, inflected according to the -class, in middle voice, which is not uncommon from the Brāhmaṇas down, and has so lost the consciousness of its origin that it sometimes takes the augment prefixed: thus,  (ÇÇS.),  (R.),  (MBh.); it makes