Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/426

 free: it may be separated from the verb by another word or words, and may even come after the form to which it belongs; it may also stand alone, qualifying a verb that is understood, or conjointly with another prefix one that is expressed.

b. Thus, (RV.) he shall bring the gods hither;  (AV.) may he lengthen out our lives;  (RV.) do ye two come hither quickly;  (RV.) may he come with gifts hither to us;  (AV.) protect me, my progeny, and what wealth we own;  (AV.) from whence every day they advance and retire;  []  (AV.) I have separated from all evil, from disease, [I have joined myself] with life;  (AB.) for by it he sees;  (TB.) he is deprived of progeny and cattle.

c. Three or four instances have been cited from the later language of a prefix separated from, or following, a verb; perhaps the prefix in every such case admits of being regarded as an adverb.

1082. As regards the accent of verb-forms compounded with prefixes, only the case needs to be considered in which the prefix stands (as always in the later language) immediately before the verb; otherwise, verb and prefix are treated as two independent words.

1083. a. A personal verbal form, as has been seen above (592), is ordinarily unaccented: before such a form, the prefix has its own accent; or, if two or more precede the same form, the one nearest the latter is so accented, and the others lose their accent.

b. If, however, the verb-form is accented, the prefix or prefixes lose their accent.

c. That is, in every case, the verb along with its normally situated prefix or prefixes so far constitutes a unity that the whole combination is allowed to take but a single accent.

d. Examples are: (AV.) go away, woman; come again quickly;  (RV.) then scatter ye away to your home;  (AV.) gather together, go forth together after;  (AV.) when he goes up to the house;  (RV.) now that you, Saramā, have thus come hither;  (RV.) enveloped in which thou didst enter the waters.

1084. A prefix, however, not seldom has a more independent value, as a general adverb of direction, or as a preposition (in the usual modern sense of that term), belonging to and governing a noun; in such case, it is not drawn in to form part of a verbal compound, but has its own accent. The two kinds of use shade into one another, and are not divisible by any distinct and fixed line.