Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/425

 root is hardly perceptibly modified by the addition of the prefix. An intensive force is not infrequently given by, , and.

1078. Prefixes essentially akin with the above, but more distinctly adverbial, and of more restricted use, are these:

(or ) to, unto: tolerably frequent in RV. (used with over twenty roots), but already unusual in AV. (only two roots), quite restricted in B., and entirely lost in the later language;

forth to sight, in view: used only with the roots, , and ;

through, crossways; out of sight: hardly used except with, , (in RV., with three or four others);

in front, forward: used with only half-a-dozen roots, especially, , ;

forth to view: only with, ,.

a. A few others, as outside,  without,  (with  and ) sufficiently, properly,  in view, are still less removed from ordinary adverbs.

1079. Of yet more limited use, and of noun-rather than adverb-value, are:

(or ?), only with (in RV., once also with ):  believe, credit;

, only with (and obsolete in the classical language):   low, murmur.

a. And beside these stand yet more fortuitous combinations: see below, 1091.

1080. More than one prefix may be set before the same root. Combinations of two are quite usual; of three, much less common; of more than three, rare. Their order is in general determined only by the requirements of the meaning, each added prefix bringing a further modification to the combination before which it is set. But आ is almost never allowed, either earlier or later, to be put in front of any of the others.

a. The very rare cases of apparent prefixion of to another prefix (as  MBh.,  BhP.) are perhaps best explained as having the  used independently, as an adverb.

1081. In classical Sanskrit, the prefix stands immediately before the verbal form.

a. In the earlier language, however (especially in the Veda; in the Brāhmaṇa less often and more restrictedly), its position is quite