Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/423

 b. The same with the verb go (continually or habitually), signifying still more distinctly than the preceding a continued or habitual action. Thus: (AV.) Agni is constantly present in the fire;  (PB.) they make a practice of beating with a rod what is undeserving of punishment.

c. The same with the verbs sit and  stand, with a like meaning. Thus, (K.) they continue sacrificing;  (AB.) they, having gone off, kept vehemently refusing. In the later language, is the verb oftenest used, with predicates of various kind, to make a verbal phrase of continuance.

d. A present or future or perfect participle with and  be. The participle is oftenest a future one; only is used in the optative,  usually in other forms. Thus: (AB.) whoever may not have made sacrifice before;  (GB.) they did the same thing at the sacrifice;  (MS.) they were playing about;  (ÇB.) when, after sleeping, he is not going to fall asleep again;  (AB.) for he is intending to carry the sacrifice;  (K.) may be going to give;  (ÇB.) with what vehicle he may be about to drive. True expressions for perfect and pluperfect and future perfect time are capable of being made by such means, and now and then are made, but in no regular and continued fashion.

1076. All the forms, personal and other, of verbal conjugation — of both primary and secondary conjugation, and even to some extent of denominative (so far as the denominative stems have become assimilated in value to simple roots) — occur very frequently in combination with certain words of direction, elements of an adverbial character (see the next chapter), the so-called prepositions (according to the original use of that term), or the verbal prefixes.

a. Practically, in the later language, it is as if a compounded root were formed, out of root and prefix, from which then the whole conjugation (with derivatives: below, chap. XVII.) is made, just as from the simple root. Yet, even there (and still more in the older language: 1081 a–c), the combination is so loose, and the members retain so much of their independent value, that in most dictionaries (that of Sir Monier Williams is an exception) the conjugation of each root with prefixes is treated under the simple root, and not in the alphabetic order of the prefix. Derivative words, however,