Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/422

 eight stems and about eighty occurrences, chiefly from, , and ; that from is found in the greatest number of texts).

b. Forms with the aorist of the auxiliary are in the oldest Brāhmaṇas as numerous as those with the perfect. Thus, with occur  (K.),  and  and  and  (MS.); and with,  (TS. TB. MS.). With the aorist optative or precative has been found only (MS.).

c. Like combinations with other tenses are not entirely unknown: thus, (ÇÇS.). So also in the later language, where have been found quotable half-a-dozen such cases as (Pañc.),  and  (Pañc. etc.).

d. Only two or three cases of the use of instead of  as auxiliary are met with in the older language: they are  (AB. GB.),  (ÇvU.), and  (ÇÇS.).

e. A single example of an accented auxiliary is met with in the accentuated texts: namely, (ÇB.). As was to be expected, from the nature of the combination, the noun also retains its accent (compare 945).

1074. The frequent use, especially in the later language, of a past or a future passive participle with the copula (or also without it) to make participial phrases having a value analogous to that of verb-tenses, has been already noticed (999). But other similar combinations are not unknown in any period of the language, as made with other auxiliaries, or with other participles.

a. They occur even in the Veda, but are far more common and conspicuous in the Brāhmaṇas, and become again of minor account in the later language.

1075. Examples of the various formations are as follows:

a. A (usually present) participle with the tenses of the verb go. This is the combination, on the whole, of widest and most frequent occurrence. Thus: (RV.) he ever gives away the wealth of the non-offerer;  (AB.) just as one would mend [habitually] a garment with a needle, so with these one mends any defect of the sacrifice;  (PB.) Agni Vaiçvānara kept burning this creation;  (TB.) those Asuras, getting beaten, took refuge with heaven and earth;  (ÇB.) the animals, his family, would be continually destroyed.