Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/419

 that system — except from the stems which are reckoned to the causative or -class, and which follow in all respects the rules for that class — are of the utmost rarity.

a. In RV. occurs no form not belonging to the present-system, except (with  prohibitive), an -aorist 2d sing. (cf. 1048). Further examples of this aorist are (ÇB.),  (TS.: pl., with  prohibitive), and  (VS. etc.). The form (AV. xiv. 2. 20), with  for  (555 c), might be aorist; but, as the metre shows, is probably a corrupt reading;, certainly imperfect, appears to occur in TB. (ii. 3. 83). Other forms begin to appear in the Brāhmaṇas: e. g. the futures (ÇB.),, ,  (TS.), the participles  (? JB. ) and  (ÇB.), , , and  (TS.), the gerund  (ÇB.), and so on. In the later language, also, forms outside the present-system (except the participle in ) are only sporadic; and of tertiary conjugation forms there are hardly any: examples are the causatives and  (MBh.), and the desiderative  (Çiç.).

b. Noun-derivatives from denominative stems follow the analogy of those from causative stems (1051 g). In the older language, those in and  (especially the former) are much the most numerous; later, that in  prevails over all others.

1069. periphrastic formation, the periphrastic future, has been already described (942 ff.), since it has become in the later language a recognized part of every verbal conjugation, and since, though still remaining essentially periphrastic, it has been so fused in its parts and altered in construction as to assume in considerable measure the semblance of an integral tense-formation.

By far the most important other formation of the class is —