Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/417

 recognizable in the Veda, although there also corresponding forms with short and with long  sometimes stand side by side.

d. Final is sometimes changed to  (very rarely ): thus,  performs the sacrifice;  is mighty;  or  desires a son;  craves flesh;  is ready;  is moonstonelike. Not fifty stems of this form are quotable.

e. It is occasionally dropped (after or ): thus,  is rapid;  performs the sacrifice.

f. Other modes of treatment are sporadic: thus, the addition of, as in seeks the breast; the change of  to , as in  plays the wooer.

1060. From stems in. Final usually remains, as in  plays the herdsman, protects;  fights; but it is sometimes treated in the other methods of an -stem: thus,  fights;  acts Tilottamā.

1061. From stems in, , and ,. Such stems are (especially those in, ) very rare. They show regularly and  before : thus,  (also --) plots injury;  (also --) seeks a wife;  desires friendship;  turns woman; —  acts the foe;  is straight;  desires wealth;  grumbles, is discontented: with short,  sets in motion.

a. More rarely, or  is treated as  (or else is gunated, with loss of a  or ): thus,  comes snorting;  makes easier. Sometimes, as to (above, 1059 f), a sibilant is added: thus,  is vehement;  saves. From, RV. makes.

1062. From other vowel-stems. a. Final is changed to : thus,  treats as a mother (only quotable example).

b. The diphthongs, in the few cases that occur, have their final element changed to a semivowel: thus, seeks cattle, goes a-raiding.

1063. From consonant-stems. A final consonant usually remains before : thus, plays the physician, cures;  acts like a bull;  is active;  pays reverence;  is favorably disposed;  fights.

a. But a final is sometimes dropped, and the preceding vowel treated as a final: thus,  or  is kingly, from ; - from -;  treats as master, from :  from  is the only example quotable from the older language. Sporadic cases occur of other final consonants similarly treated: thus, from, - from -; — while, on the other hand, an -vowel is occasionally added to such a consonant before : thus,  from ,  from.

1064. The largest class of consonantal stems are those showing a before the ; and, as has been seen above, a sibilant is sometimes, by analogy, added to a final vowel, making the denominative-sign virtually