Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/411



1044. As was above pointed out, the formations from the causative stem in outside the present-system are in the oldest language very limited. In RV. are found two forms of the future in, one passive participle , and ten infinitives in ; also one or two derivative nouns in , five in , seven in , and a few in  , and in. In AV., also two -future forms and four gerunds in ; and a few derivative noun-stems, from one of which is made a periphrastic perfect. In the Brāhmaṇas, verbal derivative forms become more numerous and various, as will be noted in detail below.

1045. Perfect. The accepted causative perfect is the periphrastic (1071 a); a derivative noun in is made from the causative stem, and to its accusative, in, is added the auxiliary: thus,

धारयां चकार (or : 1070 b)

धारयां

a. Of this perfect no example occurs in RV. or SV. or VS., only one — — in AV., and but half-a-dozen in all the various texts of the Black Yajur-Veda, and these not in the -parts of the text. They are also by no means frequent in the Brāhmaṇas, except in ÇB. (where they abound: chiefly, perhaps, for the reason that this work uses in considerable part the perfect instead of the imperfect as its narrative tense).

1046. Aorist. The aorist of the causative conjugation is the reduplicated, which in general has nothing to do with the causative stem, but is made directly from the root.

a. It has been already fully described (above, 856 ff.).

b. Its association with the causative is probably founded on an original intensive character belonging to it as a reduplicated form, and is a matter of gradual growth; in the Veda it is made from a