Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/405

 1037. Verbal Nouns and Adjectives. These too are made with the auxiliary vowel इ, in all cases where that vowel is ever taken.

a. In the older language have been noted: participle in (AV., GB.),  (AB.),  and  (ÇB.); — gerundive in  (AB.),  (ÇB.); in  (ÇB.); — gerund in  (K.).

1038. Of other declinable stems derived from the desiderative stem, by far the most common are the adjective in — e. g.  (RV. once ) — and the abstract noun in  — e. g.  — both of which are made with increasing freedom from an early epoch of the language: especially the former, which has the value and construction (271 a) of a present participle. A few adjectives in (having a gerundive character: 966 b) occur in the earlier language: thus,  (RV.),  (TS.),  (PB.),  (AB.), and, with irregular reduplication (apparently)  (RV.),  (JB.); and  (RV.) is a similar formation. RV. has also and, and  (?). In the later language, besides some of the formations already instanced (those in and, and in  and ), are found a few derivatives in , as ; in , as ; and, very rarely, in   and  ; further, secondary derivatives (doubtless) in  from the noun in , as  (one or two of these occur in the older language). And of an adjective in we have an example in  (B.S., and later), and perhaps in  (AVP.); such words as, are rather to be understood as possessive compounds with the noun in. As to noun-stems in, see 392 d.

1039. Derivative or Tertiary Conjugations. A passive is allowed to be made, by adding the passive-sign य to the desiderative root (or stem without final ): thus, ईप्स्यते  it is desired to be obtained; — and a causative, by adding in like manner the causative-sign अय  (1041): thus, ईप्सयामि  I cause to desire obtainment.

a. Of these formations in the older language are found (doubtless to be read for -, AV.),  (ÇB.), and  (K.). Half-a-dozen such passives are quotable later, and one or two causatives: e. g. ;.

b. For the desiderative conjugation formed on causative stems, which is found as early as the Brāhmaṇas, see below, 1052 bc [sic].