Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/402

 c. RV. has the stems and, regarded as desideratives from √√ attain and , with mutilated reduplication.

1030. A number of roots, including some of very common use, form an abbreviated stem apparently by a contraction of reduplication and root together into one syllable: thus, ईप्स from √आप् ; दित्स  from √दा.

a. Such abbreviated stems are found in the older language as follows: (beside ) from √;  (beside ) from √;  ( JB.) from √;  from √;  from √: these are found in RV.; in AV. are added from √ (RV. has  once), and  from √; the other texts furnish  (ÇB.) or  (TB.) from √,  (GB.) from √,  (ÇB.) from √, and  (ÇB.) from √ (not √, since no roots with  as medial vowel show the contracted form). In the later language are further found from √ also,  from the causative quasi-root  (below, 1042 j), and the anomalous  from √ measure (allowed also from roots  and ); and the grammarians give  from √. Also is (very questionably) viewed as a desiderative stem from √.

1031. The use of the auxiliary vowel इ is quite rare in the early language, but more common later; and it is allowed or prescribed by the grammarians in many stems which have not been found in actual use.

a. It is declared to follow in general, though not without exceptions, necessary or optional, the analogy of the futures (934, 943 a).

b. No example of the use of is found in RV., and only one each in AV. , VS., and TS. . The other examples noted in the early texts are (with  for, as elsewhere in this root), : most of them are found only in ÇB. Stems also without the auxiliary vowel are made from roots.

1032. Inflection: Present-System. The desiderative stem is conjugated in the present-system with perfect regularity, like other -stems (733 a), in both voices, in all the modes (including, in the older language, the subjunctive), and with participles and imperfect. It will be sufficient to give here the first persons only. We may take