Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/400

 1025. It is allowed by the grammarians to make from the intensive stem also a passive, desiderative, causative, and so on: thus, from, pass. ; desid. ; caus. ; desid. of causative,. But such formations are excessively rare; quotable are AV.,  TB. etc.;  JB.,  DKC.

1026. By the desiderative conjugation is signified a desire for the action or condition denoted by the simple root: thus, पिबामि I drink, desid. पिपासामि I wish to drink; जीवामि  I live, desid. जिजीविषामि I desire to live. Such a conjugation is allowed to be formed from any simple root in the language, and also from any causative stem.

a. The desiderative conjugation, although its forms outside the present-system are extremely rare in the oldest language, is earlier and more fully expanded into a whole verbal system than the intensive. Its forms are also of increasing frequency: much fewer than the intensives in RV., more numerous in the Brāhmaṇas and later; not one third of the whole number of roots (about a hundred) noted as having a desiderative conjugation in Veda and Brāhmaṇa have such in RV.

1027. The desiderative stem is formed from the simple root by the addition of two characteristics. 1. a reduplication, which always has the accent; 2. an appended स — which, however (like the tense-signs of aorist and future), sometimes takes before it the auxiliary vowel इ, becoming इष.

a. A few instances in the concluding part of ÇB. in which the accent is otherwise laid — thus, — must probably be regarded as errors.

1028. The root in general remains unchanged; but with the following exceptions:

a. A final or  is lengthened before : thus, ;.

b. A final becomes  or  before : thus,  (also irregularly  RV.),  (also ), ;  (the only examples quotable).