Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/399

 the other intensives above. They are, for the present-system, the same with those acknowledged as regular later. The older perfect is like the other intensive perfects found in RV.: namely, etc., with the participle ; and a future -, a passive participle, and a gerundive , are met with in the Brāhmaṇas. The old aorist (RV.) is the usual reduplicated or so-called causative aorist: thus,. The grammarians give it in the later language a perfect with additional reduplication, etc., an -aorist,, with precative , and everything else that is needed to make up a complete conjugation. The perf. is quotable from the epics and later, as also the periphrastic. And MBh. has the mutilated, and also -forms, as and.

1021. a. The stem (active only) regulate, from which a number of forms are made in RV., has been viewed as an intensive from √ or. It lacks, however, any analogy with the intensive formation. The same is true of propitiate (only  and, apparently for ).

b. The middle stem, not infrequent in the oldest language, is often called an intensive of √ go, but without any propriety, as it has no analogy of form whatever with an intensive. The isolated 1st pl., common in RV., is of questionable character.

1022. The root totter, with constant intensive reduplication,, is quite irregular in inflection and accent: thus, pres.,  and , pples  and  (gen. sing.) and , impf. and and, perf. and (?).

1023. The RV. anomalous form (or ), 2d and 3d sing. from √ or, is doubtfully referred to the intensive, as if abbreviated from. RV. has once (or -) where the sense requires a form from √, as. The form (RV., once) seems corrupt.

1024. A marked intensive or frequentative meaning is not always easily to be traced in the forms classed as intensive; and in some of them it is quite effaced. Thus, the roots use their intensive present-system as if it were an ordinary conjugation-class; nor is it otherwise with. The grammarians reckon the inflection of and  as belonging to the reduplicating present-system, with irregularly strengthened reduplication; and they treat in the same way  and ;, as we have seen, they account a simple root.

a. Also, intensive of √ run, is made by the grammarians a simple root, and furnished with a complete set of conjugational forms: as ; , etc. etc. It does not occur in the older language (unless TS., for which VS. MS. read ). The so-called root flutter is a pure intensive.