Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/397

 1016. Derivative Middle Inflection. From every intensive stem, as above described, may be formed in the present-system a further derivative conjugation which is formally identical with a passive, being made by the accented sign य, along with middle endings only. It has not, however, a passive value, but is in meaning and use indistinguishable from the simpler conjugation.

a. A final vowel before this is treated as before the passive-sign  (770).

b. The inflection is precisely like that of any other stem ending in in the middle voice: thus, from √, intensive stem, is made the present indicative , etc.; optative , etc.; imperative , etc.; participle ; imperfect , etc.; subjunctive forms do not occur.

c. In a very few sporadic cases, these -forms are given a passive value: thus, in MḍU.;  in the later language. And active participles (529 a) are not unknown: thus, (MBh.),  (MBh. BhP.).

1017. This kind of intensive inflection is more common than the other in the later language; in the earlier, it is comparatively rare.

a. In RV., -forms are made from eight roots, five of which have also forms of the simpler conjugation; the AV. adds one more; the other earlier texts (so far as observed) about twenty more, and half of them have likewise forms of the simpler conjugation. Thus: from √ etc., and ; from √; from √; from √, etc.; from √; from √ etc.; from ; from √ etc.; from √; from √ etc.; from √; from √; from √ etc. (with lengthened root-vowel, elsewhere unknown); from √; from √ (ÇB.: should be -); from √ (ÇB.? the text reads ); from √ etc.; from √; from √; from √ etc.; from √; and so on.