Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/388

  with that of the usual gerund that it cannot well be called by a different name.

a. No example of a peculiar gerundial construction with such a form occurs either in RV. or AV., although a dozen adverbial accusatives are to be classed as representing the formation: thus,, etc. This gerund is found especially in the Brāhmaṇas and Sūtras, where it is not rare; in the epics it is extremely infrequent; later, also, it occurs very sparingly.

b. A final vowel has -strengthening before the suffix: thus, ; final adds : thus, ; a medial vowel has  (if capable of it: 240): thus,  (but ); a medial  before a single consonant is lengthened: thus,  (but ). The accent is on the radical syllable. No uncompounded examples are found in the older language, and extremely few in the later.

c. Examples are: (ÇB.) he lies changing the position of these limbs at pleasure;  (ÇB.) he would climb, taking hold of a higher and ever a higher limb;  (ÇB.) hereafter, running together as it were about a great snake, they will wish to see him;  (ÇB.) with separate naming of these their names;  (ÇB.) whoever buries it upside down;  (Ç.) she proceeded to cry, throwing up her arms (with arm-tossing);  (DKC.) he wandered about, constantly seeing the young shoots of the mango, and hearing the humming of the bees. Repeated forms, like those in the last example, are approved in the later language; they do not occur earlier (but instead of them the repeated ordinary gerund: 994 h).

996. conjugations are those in which a whole system of forms, like that already described as made from the simple root, is made, with greater or less completeness, from a derivative conjugation-stem; and is also