Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/381

 with, but more usually without, a copula expressed: thus, (TS.) like fire, he is not to be resisted;  (VS.) thy greatness is not to be attained by another;  (RV.) Indra is not to be put down, the mighty one is not to be overpowered.

d. Sometimes an infinitive so used without a copula has quite nearly the value of an imperative: thus, [] (RV.) these glorious ones shall the son of Uçij invoke for me;  [] (RV.) with your hymns shall ye call now on Indra and Agni for aid;  [] (RV.) let me greet Agni with homage;  (RV.) and let our sacrificers cross all regions;  (MS.) that must not be done so;  (RV.) let the arrow slay the brahma-haters. The infinitives in and  (which latter is in all its uses accordant with datives) are those in which the imperative value is most distinctly to be recognized.

e. In the Brāhmaṇas and Sūtras (especially in ÇB.) the dative in is not seldom used with a verb signifying speak, to express the ordering of anything to be done: thus,  (ÇB.) therefore let him direct the roots of the plants to be cut up (speak in order to their cutting up: cf.  who dissuade from giving the cow: AV.).

983. The ablative infinitive — which, like the accusative, is made only from the root-noun and that in — is found especially with the prepositions  until and  before.

a. Thus, (TS. etc.) until exhaustion;  (TS.) before utterance of the voice. In the Brāhmaṇa language, this is the well-nigh exclusive construction of the ablative (it occurs also with, etc.); in the Veda, the latter is used also after  without, and after several verbs, as  and  protect,  separate, , etc.

b. In a few instances, by an attraction similar to that illustrated above for the dative (982 a), a noun dependent on this infinitive is put in the ablative beside it: thus, (PB.) before the utterance together of the voices;  (RV.) save us from falling down into the pit;  (Āpast.) before the gifts are taken away.

984. The genitive infinitive (having the same form as the ablative) is in common use in the Brāhmaṇa language as dependent on lord, master, employed adjectively in the sense of capable or likely or exposed to.

a. Examples are: []  (TS.) they are likely to burn him up;  (ÇB.) so in truth he is liable,