Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/378

 are found coördinated in the same sentence with common nouns, and even with compound nouns: e. g. (RV.) to go abroad, to enjoy, to seek wealth;  (Ç.) for the rescue of the distressed, not for hurling at the innocent.

More special rules as to the various formations are as follows:

971. The root-noun used as infinitive has the same form (except that it does not take an added : 383 f), and the same accent, both when simple and when combined with prepositions, as in its other uses. In the very great majority of instances, it is made from roots ending in a consonant; but also from a few in (?, ), from two or three in - and -vowels, and from one or two in changeable , which takes the -form.

a. The roots in form the accus. in, the dat. in, the abl. in (understanding  before  as for  and not  in RV. iii. 53. 20), and the locative in  (only two examples, of which one is perhaps better understood as dative).

972. The infinitive noun in is made freely from roots of every form. The root takes the -strengthening, if capable of it, and often adds the auxiliary vowel before the suffix (according to the rules already stated, 968). The root is accented, unless the noun be combined with a preposition, in which case the latter has the accent instead: thus, ; but.

a. The dative in is in two respects anomalous: in having the heavy feminine ending  along with a strengthened ; and in taking a double accent, one on the root or on the prefixed preposition, and the other on the ending : thus,.

973. a. The infinitive in is made in RV. from about twenty-five roots; in AV. and later there have been noted no other examples of it. In near three quarters of the cases, the accent is on the suffix: e. g. ; the exceptions are ; (with  inserted before the suffix: 258); and  (with -strengthening of the root). Strengthening of the root is also shown by. In is seen, apparently, the present-stem instead of the root.

b. The ending is extremely rare, being found only in  and perhaps, and one or two still more doubtful cases.

974. Infinitives in are made from only five roots: thus,, and (with different accent). From √ comes ; may come directly from √, or through the secondary root ;  is rather from √ than from √.

975. a. The infinitives in are  (√),  (√ drink),, , and perhaps  ( to help his men: