Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/375

 ; and, with auxiliary (or ),.

b. Gerundives in or  (compare 1217): they are, - (and  BhP.); with one example from an apparent aorist-stem, , and three or four from secondary verb-stems (see below, 1019, 1038, 1068 a).

c. Gerundives in (once : compare 1218): they are ; with a few from secondary conjugation-stems (below, 1019, 1038, 1051, 1068 a); and  is of close kindred with them.

d. A few adjectives in, as (only these quotable), are reckoned as gerundives by the grammarians.

967. The division-line between participial and ordinary adjectives is less strictly drawn in Sanskrit than in the other Indo-European languages. Thus, adjectives in, as will be seen later (1178), from secondary conjugational stems, have participial value; and in the Brāhmaṇas (with an example or two in AV.) is found widely and commonly used a participial adjective formed with the suffix (1180).

968. The later language has only a single infinitive, which is the accusative case of a verbal noun formed by the suffix तु, added to the root usually directly, but often also with aid of the preceding auxiliary vowel इ. The form of the infinitive ending, therefore, is तुम् or इतुम्. The root has the -strengthening, and is accented. Thus, for example, एतुम् from √इ ; कर्तुम्  from √कृ ; चरितुम्  from √चर् ; भवितुम्  from √भू.

a. As regards the use or omission of, the infinitive (as also the gerund in : 991) follows in general the analogy of the passive participle (956). Examples are (with the gerund added) as follows: from √;  from √;  from √;  from √;  from √;  from √;  from √. But certain exceptions and special cases require notice. Thus:

b. Of roots having no quotable participle, infinitive stems in are made from ; in  from,  consider, ; and in both from.