Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/374

 before the suffix: thus, (the only Vedic examples). — 3. Medial remains unchanged or is lengthened: thus, ;. — 4. Medial -, -, and -vowels are unchanged or have the -strengthening: thus, ;.

c. The RV. has about forty examples of this gerundive, and the AV. adds half as many more. Except in (once), the accent in RV. is always on the root; AV. has several cases of accent on the of the suffix (hence written ). According to the grammarians, the accent is on the root or else the ending is circumflexed: always the former, if the follow a vowel.

964. a. The suffix is a secondary adjective derivative from the infinitival noun in  (below, 968), made by adding the suffix  (properly, whence the accent ), before which the final , as usual (1203 a), has -strengthening, and is resolved into.

b. Hence, as regards both the form taken by the root and the use or omission of an auxiliary vowel before the, the rules are the same as for the formation of the infinitive (below, 968).

c. No example of this formation is found in RV., and in AV. occur only two, and. In the Brāhmaṇa language it begins to be not rare, and is made both from the simple root and from the derived conjugational stems (next chapter); in the classical language it is still more frequent. According to the grammarians, the accent of the word is either circumflex on the final or acute on the penult: thus, or ; in the accentuated texts, it is always the former (the accent  given to certain gerundives in the Petersburg lexicons is an error, growing out of the ambiguous accentuation of ÇB.: 88 c).

965. a. The suffix is in like manner the product of secondary derivation, made by adding the adjective suffix  (1215) to a nomen actionis formed by the common suffix.

b. It follows, then, as regards its mode of formation, the rules for the suffix (below, 1150).

c. This derivative also is unknown in RV., and in AV. is found only in and  (in both of which, moreover, its distinct gerundive value admits of question). In the Brāhmaṇas (where less than a dozen examples of it have been noted), and in the later language, it is less common than the gerundive in. Its accent, as in all the derivatives with the suffix, is on the penult: thus,.

966. Other formations of kindred value are found in the Veda as follows:

a. Gerundives in or, apparently made from the infinitival noun in  with the added suffix  (1209). They are (in two occurrences ), -,