Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/371

 while has both forms, and  takes  only late;  send,, also  except late, while , and  show both forms;  clothe, , also  throw occasionally, while  shine,  dwell,  (with  and ), , and  make both forms;  ,  (secondary form of ), , and occasionally  remove, while  has both forms.

c. Of roots ending in vowels, only lie, which makes  (with  of root, as elsewhere: 629).

d. In general, a root maintains its full form before ; but there are a few exceptions: thus, and  (the root being reckoned as  and : see 729),  (also  in the later language),  (√ shine; beside ),  (√ dwell: also sporadically  and ),  (√ increase),  (√). From √ are made both and  (with strengthening as in present and elsewhere: 627), beside.

e. Instead of, long is taken in  and.

957. The suffix न (always without auxiliary इ ) is taken instead of त  by a number of roots (about seventy). Thus:

a. Certain roots in : thus, run,  sleep, (also ?),  (also ),  blow (also ),  (also ),  leave (also  and ),  go forth; and  divide makes  (also  and -). Further, certain roots in - and -vowels: thus, destroy (also ),  cling,  or  coagulate (beside  and ),  (beside );  burn (also ), ; and  lament makes  (compare 765).

b. Roots in, which before the suffix becomes or : the forms are,  (late; beside ),  (√ scatter),  (√ swallow),  and  (√ waste away),  and  (also ),  (√ pierce: also ),  (√ fill: also  and ),  (√ crush),  (√ crush: also  and ?),  (also ). Of like character with these are from √ (beside ) from √,  (beside ) from √, a secondary form of, and  (beside ) from √, which is also plainly a secondary root.

c. A few roots ending in (which becomes  before the suffix, against the usual rule of internal combination: 216 f): thus,  (√),  (√ bend),  (√),  (beside ). Further, two or three ending in (similarly treated): thus,  (√ or : also  and ),  (√), and apparently - (RV., once: with doubly irregular change of root-final, from √). And one root in,.