Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/370

 e. Double forms are and  and  and  and.

f. The root give makes  (from the secondary root-form ; but  also in V.). But the anomalously contracted form - (as if for, with the radical vowel lost) is also frequent in composition, especially with prepositions: thus, ; rarely with other elements, as (?). And the same abbreviated form comes from √ divide in.

g. The roots making participles in both and, or  and , or in all three, will be noted in the next two paragraphs.

956. The suffix with इ, or in the form इत , is used especially with roots having finals that are only with difficulty, if at all, combinable with त् according to the usual analogies of the language, and often with roots of a secondary, derivative, or late character; but also not seldom with original roots.

a. Thus, of roots presenting difficulties of combination: — 1. all that end in two consonants (save those of which one consonant is lost by a weakening process: 954 a, b): e. g. (also ),  (in all, over fifty); but  makes ; — 2. all that end in linguals (including after  or ): e. g. ; — 3. all that end in surd spirantsaspirates [sic]: e. g. ; — 4. all that end in : e. g. :; [sic] — 5. all that end in other persistent semivowels: namely, (also ),  (for the other roots in, see 955 c),  run, ; — 6. . — This class includes more than half of the whole number that take only.

b. Of other roots ending in consonants: — 1. in gutturals, ( has both  and ); ; — 2. in palatals, (also ), ; ?,, also  and  in late texts (usually  and ); — 3. in dentals,, also in epos (elsewhere only );  know, ; also  in epos (elsewhere  and );  has both  and  (the majority of roots in  take : 957 d); ;  ring, , and  (also ); — 4. in labials,, and usually ( late) and  ( epic), occasionally , while  has both  and ;  , , and occasionally , while  and  have both forms;  labor, , and  in epos (also ); — 5. in spirants, eat, ,