Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/362

 for -. Two or three optative forms are found in the epics: thus, and  (MBh.), and  (R.); also an imperative  (Har.). And several 2d pl. mid. in are quotable from the epics: thus,, and (the causative)  (PB.) and  (MBh.: and one text has  at i. 133. 13, where the other reads ), and  (MBh. R.): it is a matter of question whether these are to be accounted a real imperative formation, or an epic substitution of secondary for primary endings (compare 542 a).

939. Participles are made from the future-stem precisely as from a present-stem in अ : namely, by adding in the active the ending न्त्, in the middle the ending मान ; the accent remains upon the stem. Thus, from the verbs instanced above, दास्यन्त् and दास्यमान, करिष्यन्त्  and करिष्यमाण.

a. According to the grammarians, the feminine of the active participle is made either in or in ; but only the former has been noted as occurring in the older language, and the latter is everywhere extremely rare: see above, 449 e, f.

b. In RV. occurs once, from √, with anomalous accentuation.

940. From the future-stem is made an augment-preterit, by prefixing the augment and adding the secondary endings, in precisely the same manner as an imperfect from a present-stem in अ. This preterit is called the conditional.

a. It stands related to the future, in form and meaning, as the French conditional aurais to the future aurai, or as the English would have to will have — nearly as the German würde haben to werde haben.

b. Thus, from the roots already instanced: