Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/354

 ending in, namely and. All the examples noted are given below.

a. So far as the middle forms are concerned, this aorist would be fully explained as a transfer of certain -aorists to an -inflection. The marked difference in the strength of radical vowel in the active, however, stands in the way of the successful application of such an explanation to the active forms.

920. a. In the indicative, we find, in the active: (and MBh. adds );  and  (√), ; — in the middle, only  (√),, and  (and MBh. adds ?).

b. Forms without augment (no true subjunctives occur) are, in the active: and ; — in the middle,  and.

c. There are no optative forms.

d. Imperative are: in the active, ; in the middle,.

e. The few accented forms without augment which occur have the tone on the tense-sign, in analogy with the -aorist (2) and the imperfect of the -class: a single exception is , which probably needs emendation to.

f. The aspiration of initial and, after loss of the aspirated quality of the root-final (155), is seen in forms from the roots  and , but not from  (only a single case, AB.); RV., however, has also  and.

921. As the so-called precative is allowed by the grammarians to be made in the later language from every root, and in an independent way, without reference to the mode of formation of the aorist from the same root, it is desirable to put together here a brief statement of the rules given for it.

922. The precative active is made by adding the active precative endings (above, 568) directly to the root. But:

a. Of final root-vowels (as before the passive-sign : 770), and  are lengthened;  is usually changed to, but to  and  in those roots which elsewhere show - and - forms (so-called -roots: 242), and to  in  and ;  is changed to  in the roots  drink,  sing, and a few others, in part optionally.