Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/352

 its first persons, which we may form from the roots या go and नम्  bow. Thus:

912. The -aorist is properly only a sub-form of the -aorist, having the tense-sign and endings of the latter added to a form of root increased by an added. It is of extreme rarity in the older language, being made in RV. only from the roots sing and  go, and in AV. only from leave, and doubtless also from  fill up and  win (see below, 914 b); the remaining older texts add  know (B.),  overpower,  think (ÇB. once: the edition reads --), and  be content (SV.: a bad variant for RV. ); other Brāhmaṇa forms which might be also of the -aorist are, and ; and  (PB. S.) must be regarded as an anomalous formation from √, unless we prefer to admit a secondary root , like  from. In the later language have been found quotable from other roots only, and.

a. The participle and causative  (RV.) show that  had assumed, even at a very early period, the value of a secondary root beside  for other forms than the aorist.

913. The whole series of older indicative forms (omitting, as doubtful, the 2d and 3d sing.) is as follows: ( is from √ attain).

a. Forms without augment are these:. The accent would doubtless be upon the root-syllable.

914. a. Of proper subjunctives are found two, and  (both RV.).

b. Optatives are not less rare: namely, and  (for which the AV. manuscripts read, altered in the edition to -); and doubtless  (AV., twice) is to be corrected to , and belongs here. As to, see above, 912.

c. The accent of (like, 908) shows it to be a true imperative form; and  (RV., once) is doubtless the same, with anomalous  for.

915. Middle forms of this aorist, it will be noticed, occur from the optative only; but, considering the great rarity of the whole formation, we are hardly justified in concluding that in the ancient language the middle persons in -, -, etc., were not allowable, like those in -, -, and the others of the -aorist.