Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/351

 for the problematic of RV.), which are also regular.  (AB. once) is a solitary example of a form with double mode-sign; (RV.; SV. instead ) seems hopelessly corrupt. The radical syllable always has the accent, and its vowel usually accords with that of the indicative: but we have - in the subjunctive against (as to - and -, see below, 908).

907. The middle optative of this aorist also forms a part of the accepted "precative" of the later language (923, 925 b). It is very rare at all periods, being made in RV. from only five roots, and in AV. from two of the same and from three additional ones (six of the eight have other -forms); and the remaining texts add, so far as noticed, only four other roots. All the forms found to occur are as follows: and  and. The accent is on the ending, and this would lead us to expect a weak form of root throughout; but the usage in this respect appears to be various, and the cases are too few to allow of setting up any rule. The forms and -, from a secondary -stem, occur in K.

908. Of imperative forms, we have from √ a series: namely, (if this, as seems probable, stands anomalously for ) and ; two of these are of unmistakably imperative form. Other forms occur only in 2d du. and 2d pl., and are accordingly such as might also be subjunctives used imperatively (which is further made probable for two of them by their accentuation on the root-syllable): they are (against ),  (against ),.

909. No words having a participial ending after are found anywhere to occur.

910. This is the only aorist of which forms are made in the secondary and denominative conjugations: see below, 1035, 1048, 1068.

911. According to the grammarians, this aorist is made from roots in आ (including मि  fix, मि  (or ) damage and ली  cling, which substitute forms in ), and from नम्  bow, यम्  reach, and रम्  be content, and is used only in the active; the corresponding middle being of the -form (878 ff.). Its inflection is precisely like that of the -aorist; it is unnecessary, then, to give more than