Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/349

 900. a. Of exceptions may be noted: √ has (as elsewhere: 627) instead of : thus, ; √ has, and √ has  (also  in AV.), with  in active.

b. The root or  has (as in future etc., below, 936 e, 956) long  instead of  before the sibilant: thus,. The roots in changeable (so-called roots in : 242), and √ are said by the grammarians to do the same optionally; but no forms with long  from such roots have been found quotable. A Sūtra (PGS.) has once from √ (doubtless a false reading).

901. The endings are as in the preceding formation (उस् and अत  in 3d pl.). But in 2d and 3d sing., the combinations - and - are from the earliest period of the language contracted into ईस् and ईत्.

a. The 2d pl. mid. should end always in (or, from -: 226); and this is in fact the form in the only examples quotable, namely ; as to the rules of the native grammarians respecting the matter, see 226 c.

902. As examples of the inflection of the -aorist may be taken the roots पू cleanse, and बुध्  wake. Thus:

903. The number of roots from which forms of this aorist have been noted in the older language is nearly a hundred and fifty (in RV., about eighty; in AV., more than thirty, of which a dozen are additional to those in RV.); the later texts add less than twenty. Among these are no roots in ; but otherwise they are of every variety of form (rarest in final and ). Active and middle persons are freely made, but sparingly from the same root; only about fifteen