Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/348

 896. Imperative persons from this aorist are extremely rare: we find the 2d sing. act. and and the 2d pl. (from -stems, and showing rather, therefore, a treatment of the aorist-stem as a root), and the 3d sing. mid. and pl. (of which the same may be said).

897. a. Active participles are or, and  (both RV.).

b. If (above, 894 d) is to be reckoned as an -aorist form,  is an -aorist participle; and of a kindred character, apparently, are, all in RV.; with , in AV. In RV. occurs also once, apparently an -form of an -aorist of √.

898. The tense-stem of this aorist adds the general tense-sign स् by help of a prefixed auxiliary vowel इ, making इष् , to the root, which is usually strengthened, and which has the augment.

899. The rules as to the strengthening of the root are as follows:

a. A final vowel has in the active, and  in the middle: thus, अपाविष्  and अपविष्  from √पू  cleanse; अतारिष्, act., from √तृ  pass; अशयिष् , mid., from √शी  lie.

b. A medial vowel has, if capable of it, in both voices: thus, अलेशिष् , act. and mid., from √लिश् tear; अरोचिष्, from √रुच्  shine; अवर्षिष्  from √वृष्  rain; but अजीविष्  from √जीव्  live.

c. Medial अ is sometimes lengthened in the active; but it more usually remains unchanged in both voices.

d. The roots in the older language which show the lengthening are. From, and occur forms of both kinds. From √ or are made the two stems  and.