Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/346

 889. If the root ends in a vowel, only the consonant of the ending is necessarily lost: thus, (for both  and ) from √; and in like manner  from √; —  (for ) from √; and in like manner  from √, and  (augmentless) from √; — and  (for ) from √.

a. But (as in other like cases: 555 a) the ending is sometimes preserved at the expense of the tense-sign; and we have in 3d sing. (beside and ) from √; and in like manner  (no examples have been noted except from roots in  and ): compare  and, 2d sing., 890 a.

890. a. If the root (in either its simple or strengthened form) ends in a consonant, the tense-sign is lost with the ending. Thus, (for : beside ) from √; other like cases are, and (from roots in ). Further, (585 a: for ) from √; like cases are  from √, and (from roots with medial )  from √,  from √, and  from √. Further, from roots ending in the palatals and, from √,  from √,  from √,  from √,  from √; but, with a different change of the final,  from √,  from √,  from √, and  from √; and (above, 146 a)  appears to stand twice in AV. for from √; RV. has also twice from √. Further, from roots ending in a nasal, from √,  from √,  and  from √√ and  (143 a).

b. If, again, the roots end in a double consonant, the latter of the two is lost along with tense-sign and ending: thus, (for ; beside  and ) from √; and other like cases are, and.

891. A relic of this peculiarity of the older inflection has been preserved to the later language in the 2d sing. , from √.

892. The indicative forms without augment are used in a subjunctive sense, especially after prohibitive, and are not uncommon. Examples with accent, however, are extremely rare; there has been noted only, middle; judging from this, the tone would be found on the radical syllable. According to the Hindu grammarians, it may be laid on either root or ending.

893. Proper subjunctive forms are not rare in RV., but are markedly less common in the later Vedic texts, and very seldom met with in the Brāhmaṇas. They are regularly made with -strengthening of the radical vowel, in both active and middle, and with accent on the root.