Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/343

 b. But before स् and त्  of 2d and 3d sing. act. is in the later language always inserted an ई, making the endings ईस् and ईत्.

c. This insertion is unknown in the earliest language (of the RV.): see below, 888.

881. a. Before endings beginning with or, the tense-sign  is (233 c–e) omitted after the final consonant of a root — unless this be , or  or  (converted to ).

b. The same omission is of course made before after a consonant; and after a vowel the sibilant is either omitted or assimilated (the equivalence of  and  in the theories of the grammarians and the practice of the manuscripts makes it impossible to say which: 232); and then the ending becomes, provided the sibilant, if retained, would have been  (226 c): thus,  and  (beside  and );  (√ regard: ÇB., once), which is to  (2d sing.) as  and  to  and ; and  (M.).

c. According to the grammarians, the omission of before  and  takes place also after a short vowel (the case can occur only in the 2d and 3d sing. mid.); but we have seen above (834 a) that this is to be viewed rather as a substitution in those persons of the forms of the root-aorist. Neither in the earlier nor in the later language, however, does any example occur of an aorist-form with retained after a short vowel before these endings.

d. After the final sonant aspirate of a root, the sibilant before the same endings is said by the Hindu grammarians to disappear altogether, the combination of the aspirate with the or  of the ending being then made according to the ordinary rule for such cases (160): thus, from the stem, for -, is made , as if from + directly. No example of such a form is quotable from the literature; but the combination is established by the occurrence of other similar cases (233 f). In the middle, in like manner, + becomes, as if from +; but all such forms admit also of being understood as of the root-aorist. Those that have been found to occur were given above (834 d); probably they belong at least in part to this aorist.

e. From the three nasal roots are made the 2d and 3d sing. mid. persons and  and, and  ( not quotable), reckoned by the native grammarians as -aorist forms, made, after loss of their final root-nasal, with loss also of the sibilant after a short vowel. They are doubtless better referred to the root-aorist. But JB. has a corresponding 1st sing. from √.

882. As examples of the inflection of this variety of