Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/340

 or two from - and -roots, with before the ending: thus, ; but also  (ÇB.), and  (MBh.).

868. In the later language, a few roots are said by the grammarians to make this aorist as a part of their primary conjugation: they are and  and, and  suck ( and  optionally).

a. In the older language are found from √ and (noticed in the preceding paragraph) and  (ÇB.); from √ and  (TB.: not used as aorist); from √ and (augmentless)  and ; from √ and - (B.S.). Of forms analogous with these occur a number from roots in or : thus,  and  from √;  from √ separate;  from √;  from √;  and  from √;  from √; — and one or two from roots in  or : thus,  from √ (or ) bind;  from √ bellow;  (with, noticed above) from √ (and the "imperfects" from  etc., 676, are of corresponding form). And from √ are made, with union-vowel, and. Few of these forms possess a necessarily causative or a decidedly aoristic value, and it is very doubtful whether they should not be assigned to the perfect-system.

b. From the later language are quotable only etc. (3d pl., - or -) and.

869. a. As in other preterit formations, the augmentless indicative persons of this aorist are used subjunctively, and they are very much more frequent than true subjunctives.

b. Of the latter are found only (1st sing.); ;  and, and  (as if corresponding to an indicative , like ); and perhaps the 1st sing. mid. .

c. The augmentless indicative forms are accented in general on the reduplication: thus, ; also ; but, on the other hand, we have also and, and  and  (which may perhaps belong to the perfect: compare 810). According to the native grammarians, the accent rests either on the radical syllable or on the one that follows it.

870. Optative forms are even rarer. The least questionable case is the middle "precative" ( has been ranked above with, as a perfect: 812 b). and belong either here or to the perfect-system.

871. Of imperatives, we have the indubitable forms and. And and, and  and ,