Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/339

 (Nir.), and the more or less doubtful  and  and  (RV.) we have  instead of  in the reduplication.

b. In support of their false view of this aorist as made from the causative stem instead of directly from the root, the native grammarians teach that roots ending in an -vowel may reduplicate with, as representing the of the strengthened stem: thus,  from , as well as  from. No example of such a formation, however, is met with except (ÇB., once); against it we find, and others.

c. As to, and , see above, 847.

864. The inflection of the reduplicated aorist is like that of an imperfect of the second general conjugation: that is to say, it has अ as final stem-vowel, with all the peculiarities which the presence of that vowel conditions (733 a). Thus, from √जन् give birth (stem ):

865. The middle forms are rare in the older language (the 3d pl. is decidedly the most common of them, being made from eleven roots; the 3d s. from seven); but all, both active and middle, are quotable except 1st and 2d du. middle and 1st du. active.

a. appears to be once used (RV.) as 3d sing., with passive sense.

866. A final has the -strengthening before the endings: thus,. Of similar strengthened forms from and -roots are found  (TS.),  (RV.),  (ÇB.),  (K.),  (MS.),  (RV.). Not many roots ending in other vowels than make this aorist: see below, 868.

867. Forms of the inflection without union-vowel are occasionally met with: namely, from roots ending in consonants, (2d sing., augmentless) from √, and  from √; from roots in  or,  (2d sing.), and  (2d and 3d sing.); for roots in - and -vowels, see 868. Of 3d pl. in are found almost only a form