Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/336

 present of the unaccented -class, have likewise the accent upon the radical syllable, like that class: thus, from √, (augmentless 3d pl.),  and. The root follows the same rule: thus, ; and from √ are found  and  and  and, beside  and. It is questionable whether these are not true analogues of the -class (unaccented -class) present-system. On the other hand, (beside ),  and  (?), and  or  are more isolated cases. In view of such as these, the forms from the stem and  (836 c) are perhaps to be referred hither. From √, the optative is accented ; elsewhere the accent is on the root-syllable: thus,.

854. a. The stem has in Vedic use well-nigh assumed the value of a root; its forms are very various and of frequent use, in RV. especially far outnumbering in occurrences all other forms from √. Besides those already given, we find (1st sing. impv.) and  (2d sing.),.

b. Of the stem from √ only  occurs.

c. The root (as in some of its present forms: 639) is weakened to, and makes.

855. Isolated forms which have more or less completely the aspect of indicative presents are made in the oldest language from some roots beside the aorist-systems of the first two classes. It must be left for maturer research to determine how far they may be relics of original presents, and how far recent productions, made in the way of conversion of the aorist-stem to a root in value.

a. Such forms are the following: from √ make, ; from √; from √ gather, ; from √ give, ; from √ put, ; from √ drink,, ; from √, ; from √; from √ (?); from √.

856. The reduplicated aorist is different from the other forms of aorist in that it has come to be attached in almost all cases to the derivative (causative etc.) conjugation in अय, as the aorist of that conjugation, and is therefore liable to be made from all roots which have such a conjugation, beside the aorist or aorists which belong to their primary conjugation. Since, however, the connection of