Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/319



802. The ending of the active participle is वांस् (that is to say, in the strong forms: it is contracted to उष्  in the weakest, and replaced by वत्  in the middle forms: see above, 458 ff.). It is added to the weak form of the perfect stem — as shown, for example, in the dual and plural of the active inflection of the given verb; and, mechanically, the weakest participle-stem is identical with the 3d pl. active. Thus, बुबुध्वांस्, निनीवांस् , चकृवांस्.

803. If the weak form of the perfect stem is monosyllabic, the ending takes the union-vowel इ (which, however, disappears in the weakest cases): thus, तेनिवांस्, ऊचिवांस् , जज्ञिवांस् , आदिवांस्  (from √अद् : 783 a), and so on; ददिवांस्  and its like, from roots in आ , are to be reckoned in the one class or the other according as we view the इ  as weakened root-vowel or as union-vowel (794 l).

a. But participles of which the perfect-stem is monosyllabic by absence of the reduplication do not take the union-vowel: thus,, and in V., (SV. ), , ,  (?); and RV. has also (AV.  and once ) from √ (or : 672); and  (√ eat) occurs in TS. and TB. But AV. has and  (in negative fem. ).

804. Other Vedic irregularities calling for notice are few. The long vowel of the reduplication (786) appears in the participle as in the indicative: thus,. RV. and AV. have from √ or. RV. makes the participial forms of √ or from different modifications of the root: thus,, but. Respecting the occasional exchanges of strong and weak stem in inflection, see above, 462 c.

805. a. From roots and  the Veda makes the strong stems  (as to the, see 212 a) and ; the later language allows either these or the more regular  and  (the weakest stem-forms being everywhere  and ). RV. has also.