Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/312

 the accent is allowed to fall on any one of the syllables of the word, and the root-syllable if unaccented has sometimes the weak form (namely, in contracted stems with for medial : below, 794 eg [sic]; and in certain other verbs, as ). The earlier language, however, affords no example of a 2d sing., whatever its ending, accented on any other than the radical syllable, or failing to conform to the rules of strengthening as given above (in a, c, e).

h. Occasional instances of strengthening in other than the singular persons are met with: thus, and  (RV.),  (KeU.), and, in the epics,  and, , , , , , ,. The roots, , and , and optionally , are said by the grammarians to have the strong stem in weak forms; but no examples appear to be quotable. AV., however, has once (probably a false reading); and in the later language occur  (√ scatter) and.

i. The root has (as in the present-system: 627)  instead of  in strong forms: thus, ; and √ (also as in present: 745 c) has  instead of  (but also  E.).

794. As regards the weakening in weak forms:

a. It has been seen above (783 b) that roots beginning with or  fuse reduplicating and radical syllable together to  or  in the weak forms; and (784) that roots contracting  and  to  or  in the reduplication do it also in the root in weak forms, the two elements here also coalescing to  or.

b. A few roots having and  after a first initial consonant, and reduplicating from the semivowel (785), contract the  and  to  and : thus,  from √,  from √ (but  MBh.),  from √. The extended roots, , , , show a similar apparent contraction, making their weak forms from the simpler roots , while  must and  may get their strong forms also from the same (and only  is quotable from the others).

c. The root or  (if it be written thus: see 729 a) contracts to, making the three forms of stem  (1st and 2d sing. act.),  (3d), and ; but  (if it be so written: see 756 a) remains unchanged throughout.

d. Some roots omit in weak forms of this tense, or in some of them, a nasal which is found in its strong forms: thus, we have etc. (RV.) from √;  (RV.) from √;  (RV.) from √;, etc. (AV.) from √;  (ÇB.) from √;  (AV.) from √;  etc. (V.),  (V.B.), from √. Compare also 788 a.

e. A number of roots having medial between single consonants drop that vowel. These are, in the later language, ,