Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/309

 the full form of root in the strong persons of the singular active. Thus, from √ speak come and ; from √ dwell come  and ; and so on.

a. The roots showing this abbreviation are, , , , , ; and weave is said to follow the same rule.

b. A single root beginning with, namely offer, has the same contraction, forming the stems  and.

c. Occasional exceptions are met with: as, and  (RV.);  and  and  (E. and later);  (V.).

785. A number of roots having after a first initial consonant take  (from the ) instead of  in the reduplicating syllable: thus, from √ comes ; from √ comes.

a. These roots are, , , , , , ; and, in the Veda, also , with and , which have the root-vowel. Other sporadic cases occur.

b. A single root with is treated in the same way: namely, which forms.

c. These roots are for the most part abbreviated in the weak forms: see below, 794.

786. A considerable number of roots have in the Veda a long vowel in their reduplication.

a. Thus, of roots reduplicating with : clothe,  prevail,. Some of these occur only in isolated cases; many have also forms with short vowel. Most are Vedic only; but is common also in the Brāhmaṇa language, and is even found later. As to, see 1020 a.

b. Of roots reduplicating with : the so-called roots (676) and, which make the perfect from the same stem with the present: thus,  (also ). But has, etc., with short. In AV. occurs once, and in AB. (and AA.).

c. Of roots reduplicating with :, and (or ).

787. A few roots beginning with the (derivative: 42) palatal mutes and aspiration show a reversion to the more original guttural in the radical syllable after the reduplication: thus, √ forms ; √ forms ; √ forms ; √ forms ; √ forms (and the same reversions appear in other reduplicated forms of these roots: 216 l). A root protect is said by the grammarians to form ; but neither root nor perfect is quotable.

788. A small number of roots with initial or   show the anomalous reduplication in the perfect.

a. Thus (the forms occurring mainly in the older language only):