Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/302

 weakened to or  and inflected according to the -class. They are suck,  exchange,  weave,  envelop,  call (secondary, from ). As of kindred form may be mentioned share and  expend (probably denominative of ).

g. A few roots artificially written with final and reckoned to the -class, with radical vowel lost before the class-sign: thus,  cut, bind, pres. etc. These, as having an accented in the sign, have plainly no right to be put in this class; and they are better referred to the -class (see above, 753 c). Outside the present-system they show and -forms; and in that system the  is often resolved into  in the oldest language.

762. The -class is the only one thus far described which shows any tendency toward a restriction to a certain variety of meaning. In this tendency, as well as in the form of its sign, it appears related with the class of distinctly defined meaning which is next to be taken up — the passive, with -sign. Though very far from being as widely used as the latter beside other present-systems, it is in some cases an intransitive conjugation by the side of a transitive of some other class.

763. The roots of this class ending in lengthen their vowel in forming the present-stem: they are  be quiet, : for example,. From, however, only occurs; and  labor makes  (B.).

764. The root has the same lengthening: thus,.

765. The roots in — namely,  or, and  (from which no forms of this class are quotable) — are written by the grammarians with , and a similar lengthening in the present-system is prescribed for them.

a. They appear to be properly etc., since their vocalized final in other forms is always ;  is by this proved to have nothing to do with the assumed root  shine, which changes to  (361 d): compare 240 b.

766. From the roots and  (also written as  and  or ) come the stems  and, and  and  (the last two only in RV.); from  comes.

767. The root is abbreviated to : thus,. And any root which in other forms has a penultimate nasal loses it here: thus, from  or ;  from  or ;  from  or.