Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/298



The first persons having been given above as subjunctives, the second are added here:

c. The ending is found in RV. and AV. in ; other examples are not infrequent in the Brāhmaṇa language: thus, ; and later,. The 3d sing. act and  occur in Sūtras (cf. 740).

The active participle is विशन्त् ; the middle is  विशमान.

d. The feminine of the active participle is usually made from the strong stem-form: thus, ; but sometimes from the weak: thus, and  (RV. and AV.),  and  (AV.): see above, 449 d, e.

e. Middle participles in instead of  are, in the older language;  in the later (cf. 741 a).

f. Examples of augmentless forms accented are.

g. The -aorist (846 ff.) is in general the equivalent, as regards its forms, of an imperfect of this class.

753. Stems of the -class are made from nearly a hundred and fifty roots: for about a third of these, in both the earlier and the later language; for a half, in the earlier only; for the remainder, nearly twenty, only in the later language. Among them are a number of transfers from the classes of the non--conjugation.

a. In some of these transfers, as and  (731), there takes place almost a setting-up of independent roots.

b. The stems, and are reckoned as belonging respectively to the roots  desire,  shine, and  go.

c. The roots written by the Hindu grammarians with final — namely,, and  — and forming the present-stems ,