Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/296



745. A few verbs have irregular vowel-changes in forming the present-stem: thus,

a. consider has -strengthening (against 240): thus,.

b. (or ) lament, on the contrary, remains unchanged: thus,.

c. hide has prolongation instead of : thus,.

d. stride regularly lengthens its vowel in the active, but not in the middle: thus, ; but the vowel-quantities are somewhat mixed up, even from the oldest language down; —  tire is said to form  etc., but is not quotable; —  with the preposition  rinse the mouth forms.

e. In the later language are found occasional forms of this class from wipe; and they show the same  (instead of ) which belongs to the root in its more proper inflection (627): thus,.

f. The grammarians give a number of roots in, which they declare to lengthen the in the present-stem. Only three are found in (quite limited) use, and they show no forms anywhere with short. All appear to be of secondary formation from roots in or. The root or  coagulate has likewise only  in quotable forms.

g. The onomatopoetic root spew is written by the grammarians as, and declared to lengthen its vowel in the present-system: compare 240 b.

746. The roots bite,  color,  hang,  embrace, of which the nasal is in other parts of the conjugation not constant, lose it in the present-system: thus,  etc.;  forms both  and  (probably for, or for  from );  or  has  later. In general, as the present of this class is a strengthening formation, a root that has such a nasal anywhere has it here also.

747. The roots go and  reach make the present-stems  and : thus,  etc.: see 608.

748. The root sit forms  (conjectured to be contracted from  for ): thus,  etc.

749. Transfers to this class from other classes are not rare, as has been already pointed out above, both throughout the present-system and in occasional forms. The most important cases are the following:

a. The roots in stand,  drink, and  smell, form the present-stems  ( etc.),  ( etc.), and  ( etc.): for these and other similar cases, see 671–4.

b. Secondary root-forms like, from simpler roots