Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/291

 726. It has been pointed out above that augmentless persons of this tense are in part indistinguishable in form from subjunctive and optative persons. Such as certainly belong here are (in V.) ;, ; ,. The AV. has once instead of. MBh. has after.

a. AB. has the false form, and in AA. occurs as 3d plural.

727. The roots which form their present-systems, wholly or in part, after the manner of this class, are over fifty in number: but, for about three fifths of them, the forms are quotable only from the older language, and for half-a-dozen they make their first appearance later; for less than twenty are they in use through the whole life of the language, from the Veda down.

a. As to secondary -stems, see 731.

728. a. The roots ending in shorten that vowel before the class-sign: thus, from √,  and ; in like manner also, ,.

b. The root (B.S.) forms either  or.

729. The root or  (the former Vedic) is weakened to  or.

a. As the perfect also in weak forms has or, it is not easy to see why the grammarians should not have written  instead of  in the root.

730. a. A few of the roots have a more or less persistent nasal in forms outside the present-system; such are without nasal before the class-sign: thus, or,  or ,  or ,  or ,  or.

b. The root also loses its nasal before the class-sign: thus,,.

731. Not rarely, forms showing a transfer to the -conjugation are met with: thus, even in RV.,, , , from ; in AV., from √; later, , , , , etc. And from roots  and  are formed the stems  and , which are inflected after the manner of the -class, as if from roots  and.

732. In the Veda, an apparently denominative inflection of a stem in is not infrequent beside the conjugation of roots of this class: thus,, , , , , , , and so on. See below, 1066 b.