Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/275

 a. From √भृ, the 2d and 3d sing. act. are अबिभर् (for  and ) — and so in all other cases where the strong stem ends in a consonant. The 3d pl. act. is अबिभरुस् ; and other like cases are, ,.

b. In MS., once, is doubtless a false reading.

658. The usual Vedic irregularities in 2d pl. act. — strong forms, and the ending — occur in this tense also: thus,, ; ,. The RV. has also once for  in 3d sing. mid., and for  in 3d pl. act. Examples of augmentless forms are, , ; , , ; and, with irregular strengthening, (AV.), ,.

659. The roots that form their present-stem by reduplication are a very small class, especially in the modern language; they are only 50, all told, and of these only a third (16) are met with later. It is, however, very difficult to determine the precise limits of the class, because of the impossibility (referred to above, under subjunctive: 648) of always distinguishing its forms from those of other reduplicating conjugations and parts of conjugations.

a. Besides the irregularities in tense-inflection already pointed out, others may be noticed as follows.

660. Besides the roots in or  — namely,,  (usually written ),  — the following roots having  or  as radical vowel take  instead of  in the reduplicating syllable:  go,  measure,  bellow, ,  remove (mid.),  has both  and ;  has  once in RV.; for ,  drinkdrink, [sic] , , , see below (670–4).

661. Several roots of this class in final change the  in weak forms to  (occasionally even to ), and then drop it altogether before endings beginning with a vowel.

a. This is in close analogy with the treatment of the vowel of the class-sign of the -class: below, 717.

These roots are:

662. sharpen, act. and mid.: thus,, , (also : above, 654), , , ,.

663. bellow, act., and  measure, mid. (rarely also act.): thus,, ; , , ; ,. RV. has once 3d pl. (for ).