Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/269

 637. The root smite, slay is treated somewhat after the manner of noun-stems in  in declension (421): in weak forms, it loses its  before an initial consonant (except  and ) of a personal ending (not in the optative), and its  before an initial vowel — and in the latter case its, in contact with the , is changed to  (compare 402). Thus, for example:

a. Its participle is (fem. ). Its 2d sing. impv. is (by anomalous dissimilation, on the model of reduplicating forms).

b. Middle forms from this root are frequent in the Brāhmaṇas, and those that occur are formed in general according to the same rules: thus, (in AB., also );  (but also ). Forms from transfer-stems, and, are met with from an early period.

638. The root be eager is in the weak forms regularly and usually contracted to  (as in the perfect: 794 b): thus,  (V.: once apparently abbreviated in RV. to ), ; pple. Middle forms (except the pple) do not occur; nor do the weak forms of the imperfect, which are given as, etc.

a. RV. has in like manner the participle from the root  clothe.

639. The root order shows some of the peculiarities of a reduplicated verb, lacking (646) the  before  in all 3d persons pl. and in the active participle. A part of its active forms — namely, the weak forms having endings beginning with consonants (including the optative) — are said to come from a stem with weakened vowel, (as do the aorist, 854, and some of the derivatives); but, excepting the optative ( etc., U. S. and later), no such forms are quotable.

a. The 3d sing. impf. is (555 a), and the same form is said to be allowed also as 2d sing. The 2d sing. impv. is (with total loss of the ); and RV. has the strong 2d pl. (with anomalous accent); and -forms, from stem, occasionally occur.

b. The middle inflection is regular, and the accent (apparently) always upon the radical syllable.

c. The root worship has in like manner (RV.) the pple   (not ).

640. The double so-called root eat, laugh is an evident reduplication of  and  respectively. It has the absence of in act.