Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/268

 ई in 2d and 3d sing. impf. has been noticed already above.

a. The forms of this extremely common verb are, then, as follows:

Participle सन्त् (fem.  सती ).

b. Besides the forms of the present-system, there is made from this root only a perfect, etc. (800), of wholly regular inflection.

c. The Vedic subjunctive forms are the usual ones, made upon the stem. They are in frequent use, and appear ( especially) even in late texts where the subjunctive is almost lost. The resolution etc. (opt.) is common in Vedic verse. As 2d and 3d sing. impf. is a few times met with the more normal (for ). , 2d pl., was noted above (613).

d. Middle forms from √ are also given by the grammarians as allowed with certain prepositions, but they are not quotable; and  (!) occur in the epics, but are merely instances of the ordinary epic confusion of voices (529 a). Confusions of primary and secondary endings — namely, and  (not rare), and, on the other hand,  and  — are also epic. A middle present indicative is said to be compounded (in 1st and 2d persons) with the nomen agentis in  to form a periphrastic future in the middle voice (but see below, 947). The 1st sing. indic. is ; the rest is in the usual relation of middle to active forms (in 2d pers.,, with total loss of the root itself).