Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/267

 631. The roots weep,  sleep,  breathe, and  blow insert a union-vowel  before all the endings beginning with a consonant, except the  and  of 2d and 3d sing. impf., where they insert instead either or : thus,, and  or. And in the other forms, the last three are allowed to accent either root or ending: thus, and  (AV.), or  etc. The AV. has instead of.

a. In the older language, √ makes the same insertions: thus, ; and other cases occasionally occur: thus, (√ clothe),  (all RV.),  (JB.),  (MBh.). On the other hand, √ early makes forms from an -stem: thus, (AV.); pple  (ÇB.); opt. (AB.).

632. The root speak, say (of very frequent use) takes the union-vowel  after the root when strengthened, before the initial consonant of an ending: thus, ; but, etc. Special occasional irregularities are , and sporadic forms from an -stem. The subj. dual has been noticed above (616); also the strong forms  (621 a).

633. Some of the roots in are allowed to be inflected like : namely,  and ; and an occasional instance is met with of a form so made (in the older language, only  noted; in the later, only, once).

634. The root (hardly found in the later language) takes  as union-vowel: thus,  (RV.),  and  and  (TS). From √ occur (VS. ; TS. ) and  (TB. etc.).

635. The irregularities of √ in the older language have been already in part noted: the 3d pl. indic. mid. , and ; 3d sing. impv. , pl. and ; impf. act. 3d sing. (which is found also in the later language), 3d pl. (beside and ); the mid. pple ; and (quite unexampled elsewhere) the opt. forms and  (RV. only). The MS. has 3d sing. and 3d pl. impf. mid., apparently formed to correspond to the pres. (613) and as  and  correspond to  and : compare  (630), related in like manner to the 3d sing. .

Some of the roots of this class are abbreviated or otherwise weakened in their weak forms: thus: —

636. The root अस् be loses its vowel in weak forms (except where protected by combination with the augment). Its 2d sing. indic. is असि (instead of ); its 2d sing. impv. is एधि (irregularly from ). The insertion of