Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/251

 thus, चकृ  from √कृ ; चिखिद्  from √खिद् ; जग्रभ्  from √ग्रभ् ; जहृ  from √हृ.

c. The occasional reversion, on the other hand, of a palatal in the radical syllable to guttural form has been noticed above (216 l).

d. Of two initial consonants, the second, if it be a non-nasal mute preceded by a sibilant, is repeated instead of the first: thus,  तस्तृ   from √स्तृ ; तस्था  from √स्था ; चस्कन्द्  from √स्कन्द् ; चस्खल्  from √स्खल् ; चुश्चुत्  from √श्चुत् ; पस्पृध्  from √स्पृध् ; पुस्फुट्   from √स्फुट् : — but सस्ना  from √स्ना ; सस्मृ  from √स्मृ ;  सुस्रु  from  √स्रु ;  शिश्लिष्  from √श्लिष्.

591. The statements which have been made above, and those which will be made below, as to the accent of verbal forms, apply to those cases in which the verb is actually accented.

a. But, according to the grammarians, and according to the invariable practice in accentuated texts, the verb is in the majority of its occurrences unaccented or toneless.

b. That is to say, of course, the verb in its proper forms, its personal or so-called finite forms. The verbal nouns and adjectives, or the infinitives and participles, are subject to precisely the same laws of accent as other nouns and adjectives.

592. The general rule, covering most of the cases, is this: The verb in an independent clause is unaccented, unless it stand at the beginning of the clause — or also, in metrical text, at the beginning of a.

a. For the accent of the verb, as well as for that of the vocative case (above, 314 c), the beginning of a counts as that of a sentence, whatever be the logical connection of the  with what precedes it.

b. Examples of the unaccented verb are: Agni I praise, the house-priest;  that, truly, goes to the gods;  O Agni, be easy of access;  this, O Indra, soma-drinker, hear;  homage to thee, Rudra, we offer;  the sacrificer's cattle protect thou.

c. Hence, there are two principal situations in which the verb retains its accent: